مقاله ترجمه شده مدیریت با عنوان پشت پرده مشکلات بازاریابی

مقاله ترجمه شده مدیریت با عنوان پشت پرده مشکلات بازاریابی در فرمت ورد و شامل ترجمه متن زیر می باشد:

BEHIND MARKETING'S WOES:
Marketing is ripe for a revolution because its failures are so apparent. "Everybody--stockholders, directors, CEOs, customers, the government--is angry because marketing, which should be driving business, doesn't work" write marketing executives Kevin Clancy and Robert Shulman. One of the most important reasons for this breakdown is that research is not working because of flaws in its basic premises.
Even academics, the primary source of research theory, see major flaws in mainstream research methods. Multivariate statistics that describe personality traits can account for no more than 7 percent of purchasing behavior, according to a paper published by William Massy, Ronald Frank, and Thomas Lodahl of Stanford, the University of Pennsylvania, and Cornell, respectively.Consumer research's problems originate in psychology, a field that has long struggled to define human behavior with the same precision physicists use to describe the movement of bodies from atoms to stars. But human behavior is too unpredictable to describe with such precision, because it depends on an almost infinite number of relationships. An increasingly desperate search for cause-and-effect explanations leads many psychologists to "retreat to abstract ideas that ignore contexts completely," writes Harvard psychologist Jerome Kagan. Consumer research reflects similar tendencies.
Kagan is bothered by psychology's excessive dependence on behavioral models that conform better to statistical theory than to behavioral realities. Models of consumer behavior tend to extract their subjects from the complex, often unpredictable, but completely natural contexts in which people live and make purchasing decisions. The result is often an interesting manipulation of a hypothetical situation that leads to a marketing failure.
One of the most famous marketing busts was the reformulation of Coca-Cola. Extensive consumer research predicted success for "New Coke" because people said it tasted better. But the research failed to disclose that people also saw "Old Coke" as an important cultural icon, that would lose value by changing the original recipe. This subtle value proved to be far more influential than taste in determining consumer response.
Kodak's "Advanta" camera was an even costlier bust. Its research failed to warn executives of Advanta's biggest challenge: persuading a marketplace dominated by middle-aged baby boomers to buy what was proudly touted as a high-tech product. In mid-life, the bells and whistles of new technology generally begin to lose their appeal. Simplicity begins to edge out complexity in consumers' preferences.
Mainstream consumer research generally fails to take into account developmental changes in values and world views that happen across a person's life span. Research also tends to ignore the major changes in cognition, or how the mind processes information, that happen with age. The subliminal origins of these changes prevent consumers from adequately reporting them to researchers, but the changes are decisive in marketplace behavior.
Another assumption that leads consumer research astray is borrowed from classic economics. Researchers assume that people make buying decisions to satisfy their self-interest, and that they use reason to determine which product best serves that end. Brain researchers see reason playing a much weaker role in personal decisions, however. In their book Marketing Revolution, Clancy and Shulman state the problem this way: "Because consumers don't choose rationally, any research that forces rational answers has to be flawed."